Design algoritmico de um produto baseado em dados do consumidor

There is a growing trend of using computers creatively in order to enrich the design process. There are three Computational Design techniques that stand-out: Parametric Design, Generative Design and Algorithmic Design. This dissertation intends to test the viability of using these techniques in a context of product development. These techniques show tremendous potential for products that can be customizable by consumers, exploring the combination of various manufacturing methods. To achieve these goals a case study with customization potential and the ability to test algorithmic design techniques has been selected. The results originate from 2 approaches: a generative approach and an algorithmic approach, with each having different evaluation methods. The generative approach is able to explore a solution search space and compares the generated curvatures, whilst the algorithmic approach takes advantage of rapid prototyping principles. The performance indicators for the case study’s conception stage using CD techniques are very positive, but the production stage needs more research.Cada vez mais os computadores são usados de forma criativa para aprofundar o processo de design. Existem três técnicas de design computacional que merecem destaque: design paramétrico, design generativo e design algorítmico. Este trabalho tem como intuito testar a viabilidade do uso destas técnicas num contexto de desenvolvimento de produto. Estas técnicas demonstram um grande potencial para produtos que possam ser customizáveis, explorando a combinação de diferentes métodos de produção. Para isso foi selecionado um caso de estudo com potencial de customização onde seja possível testar a aplicação das técnicas de design algorítmico. Os resultados provêm de 2 abordagens: uma abordagem generativa e uma abordagem algorítmica, com cada abordagem a ter um método de avaliação de resultados. A abordagem generativa varre um espaço de soluções e compara as curvaturas geradas enquanto a abordagem algorítmica aproveita os princípios de prototipagem rápida. Os indicadores obtidos para a fase de conceção do caso de estudo usando as técnicas de CD foram positivos, no entanto a fase da produção necessita mais investigação.Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânic

Page Segmentation of Structured Documents Using 2D Stochastic Context-Free Grammars

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_15n this paper we define a bidimensional extension of Stochastic Context-Free Grammars for page segmentation of structured documents. Two sets of text classification features are used to perform an initial classification of each zone of the page. Then, the page segmentation is obtained as the most likely hypothesis according to a grammar. This approach is compared to Conditional Random Fields and results show significant improvements in several cases. Furthermore, grammars provide a detailed segmentation that allowed a semantic evaluation which also validates this model.Work partially supported by the Spanish MEC under the STraDA research project (TIN2012-37475-C02-01), the MITTRAL (TIN2009- 14633-C03-01) project, the Spanish projects TIN2009-14633-C03-01/03 and 2010- CONES-00029, the FPU grant (AP2009-4363), by the Generalitat Valenciana under the grant Prometeo/2009/014, and through the EU 7th Framework Programme grant tranScriptorium (Ref: 600707)Álvaro Muñoz, F.; Cruz Fernández, F.; Sánchez Peiró, JA.; Ramos Terrades, O.; Benedí Ruiz, JM. (2013). Page Segmentation of Structured Documents Using 2D Stochastic Context-Free Grammars. En Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis. Springer. 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38628-2_15133140Álvaro, F., Sánchez, J.A., Benedí, J.M.: Recognition of on-line handwritten mathematical expressions using 2d stochastic context-free grammars and hidden markov models. Pattern Recognition Letters (2012)An, C., Bird, H.S., Xiu, P.: Iterated document content classification. In: Proc. of ICDAR, Brazil, vol. 1, pp. 252–256 (2007)Antonacopoulos, A., Clausner, C., Papadopoulos, C., Pletschacher, S.: Historical document layout analysis competition. In: Proc. of ICDAR, pp. 1516–1520 (2011)Bulacu, M., Koert, R., Schomaker, L., Zant, T.: Layout analysis of handwritten historical documents for searching the archive of the cabinet of the dutch queen. In: Proc. of ICDAR, Brazil, vol. 1, pp. 23–26 (2007)Crespi Reghizzi, S., Pradella, M.: A CKY parser for picture grammars. Information Processing Letters 105(6), 213–217 (2008)Cruz, F., Ramos Terrades, O.: Document segmentation using relative location features. In: Proc. of ICPR, Japan, pp. 1562–1565 (2012)Esteve, A., Cortina, C., Cabré, A.: Long term trends in marital age homogamy patterns: Spain, 1992-2006. Population 64(1), 173–202 (2009)Gould, S., Rodgers, J., Cohen, D., Elidan, G., Koller, D.: Multi-class segmentation with relative location prior. Int. Journal of Computer Vision 80(3), 300–316 (2008)Handley, J.C., Namboodiri, A.M., Zanibbi, R.: Document understanding system using stochastic context-free grammars. In: Proc. of ICDAR, vol. 1, pp. 511–515 (2005)Jain, A.K., Namboodiri, A.M., Subrahmonia, J.: Structure in online documents. In: Proc. of ICDAR, vol. 1, pp. 844–848 (2001)Lafferty, J., McCallum, A., Pereira, F.: Conditional random fields: Probabilistic models for segmenting and labeling sequence data. In: Proc. of ICML, USA, pp. 282–289 (2001

Structure detection and segmentation of documents using 2D stochastic context-free grammars

[EN] In this paper we define a bidimensional extension of stochastic context-free grammars for structure detection and segmentation of images of documents. Two sets of text classification features are used to perform an initial classification of each zone of the page. Then, the document segmentation is obtained as the most likely hypothesis according to a stochastic grammar. We used a dataset of historical marriage license books to validate this approach. We also tested several inference algorithms for probabilistic graphical models and the results showed that the proposed grammatical model outperformed the other methods. Furthermore, grammars also provide the document structure along with its segmentation. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Work is partially supported by the Spanish MEC under the STraDA Research Project (TIN2012-37475-C02-01), the Spanish Project 2010-CONES-00029, the FPU Grant (AP2009-4363), and through the EU 7th Framework Programme Grant tranScriptorium (Ref: 600707).Álvaro Muñoz, F.; Cruz Fernández, F.; Sánchez Peiró, JA.; Ramos Terrades, O.; Benedí Ruiz, JM. (2015). Structure detection and segmentation of documents using 2D stochastic context-free grammars. Neurocomputing. 150:147-154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2014.08.076S14715415

Virtualizing university teaching through Open Educational Resources by means of ArcGIS Online (REARGOL)

La pandemia provocada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) ha demostrado la necesidad de acelerar la digitalización de la docencia universitaria. Las herramientas digitales para la transferencia ciencia-educación, que ya eran esenciales para asegurar la calidad de la docencia presencial, se han transformado en imprescindibles cuando las circunstancias han impuesto la docencia virtual. El proyecto REARGOL ha desarrollado y ensayado en ArcGIS online instrumentos para la virtualización de contenidos en asignaturas de grado y máster, sobre geomorfología, gestión de desastres, patrimonio natural y patrimonio cultural. Ha sido un ensayo piloto, replicable en todas las titulaciones y temáticas susceptibles de generar información geoespacial (prácticamente todos los títulos y áreas de conocimiento). El único límite es la imaginación. El proyecto ha priorizado la participación de estudiantes de grado, máster y doctorado, que han desarrollado 4 tipos de aplicaciones: Mapas Web y Web AppBuilder (visores cartográficos interactivos), encuestas Survey 123 (formularios recogida de datos), Cuadros de Mandos (plataformas online que permiten combinar varias aplicaciones) y Story Maps (presentaciones para mostrar conjuntamente información y aplicaciones ArcGIS online). Las aplicaciones que se ensayaron con éxito durante el curso 2020-2021, en asignaturas de grado y máster, así como en TFMs y TFGs, continúan utilizándose en el curso 2021-2022.The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic has shown the urgent need to improve university teaching. Digital resources for Science-Education transfer, which already were crucial for ensuring the quality of face-to-face teaching, turned to be indispensable when the health crisis forced virtual teaching. The REARGOL project has developed and tested ArcGIS Online tools for the virtualization of Bachelor’s and Master’s courses focused on geomorphology, natural disaster management, and natural and cultural heritage. This has been a preliminary test that could be applied to all undergraduate and postgraduate degrees, that can produce geospatial information in all knowledge areas. Imagination is the only constraint. The project has prioritized the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate students (Master and PhD). The project has priorized the participation of undergraduate and postgraduate (Master’s and PhD) students. They have developed four types of applications: Web Maps and Web AppBuilder (interactive cartographical viewers), Survey 123 (data collection forms), Dashboards (online platforms allowing to combine several applications) and Story Maps (presentations for displaying information and ArcGIS online applications). The tools successfully tested during the 2020-2021 academic year are still being used in the current one, in Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees, as well as in Bachelor’s and Master’s final dissertations.Depto. de GeografíaFac. de Geografía e HistoriaFALSEsubmitte

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Espacio y territorios: razón, pasión e imaginarios

En este caleidoscopio de acercamientos hacia lo espacial y territorial, las visiones se mueven desde aquellas románticas y existencialistas, pasando por aquellas objetivistas y positivistas, hasta las estructuralistas y postestructuralistas. Por el espacio y el territorio se interesan con enfoques diversos numerosas disciplinas, desde la psicología, la etología o la literatura, y las ciencias naturales como la biología o la ecología, hasta las ciencias sociales y políticas, como la geografía, la antropología, la economía y la sociología. Este interés multidisciplinario demuestra la importancia y la complejidad del tema espacial y territorial, y reclama la necesidad de su estudio y comprensión interdisciplinarios, como se intenta con esta publicación

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| &lt; 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.